“¿Es necesario medir la luz con un exposímetro externo en la era de la fotografía digital? “. Mi respuesta es lapidaria: sí. Quien cree que un exposímetro externo es inútil, hoy en día, es un tonto! Pero procedamos en orden y veamos cuáles son las diferencias entre un medidor de exposición externo e interno a un reflejo, cuáles pueden ser las aplicaciones del primero y por qué todavía lo usa.
Medidores de exposición internos y externos: las diferencias
Casi todos estamos acostumbrados a cuantificar la intensidad de la luz a través del medidor de exposición de la cámara. Es cómodo y rápido, porque siempre está ahí para mirar y reacciona inmediatamente al cambio de cuadro, y es -casi siempre- muy preciso gracias a los famosos tres ajustes relacionados con las lecturas: spot, semi spote matrix. Además, no tenemos que llevar un accesorio extra en la bolsa…. ¡sacrosanta ligereza! Hasta ahora, todo bien. Por lo tanto, podríamos abandonar la idea de gastar una cifra -no demasiado alta pero sí considerable- en un exposímetro externo. Pero, pero… ¿y si fotografiáramos poses que requieren una mayor precisión en la exposición? Es por eso que un exposímetro interno puede ser escaso e inútil e incluso engañarnos. De nuevo, ¿y si tuviéramos que trabajar con linternas? ¿Como en una sala de poses? El exposímetro de nuestro reflejo sería perfectamente inútil porque no tiene la función de leer la luz incidente.
Cuándo utilizarlo y por qué
Los ejemplos valen más que muchas palabras, así que propondré tres fotografías que demuestran lo importante que es tener un exposímetro externo en la bolsa. En la primera fotografía – tomada en el estudio con la ayuda de los 600 flashes de Quantuum Pulse – necesitaba hacer el fondo perfectamente negro y tenía poco tiempo para la toma. Luego, hice una medición de la luz incidente en el punto donde el sujeto se habría colocado y una medición para el fondo. Cerca de 5 paradas de diafragma de diferencia entre los dos puntos, y eso es todo. En la segunda imagen podría haber usado el exposímetro de la Nikon D700 pero…. ¡habría acabado en el mar con toda la ropa! Un fondo demasiado blanco, demasiada luz. Habría obtenido valores de tiempo y apertura que eran absolutamente escalonados e inaceptables para el modelo. Con el exposímetro externo, pude calcular con precisión – y por adelantado – el par de tiempo del diafragma a ajustar. Finalmente, en la tercera toma, llevaba un vestido de novia blanco sobre un cielo y un mar azul. Ni que decir tiene que en estos casos lo único que hay que hacer es medir la luz que incide en el tejido, ya que incluso una cuantificación de la luz reflejada en el vestido habría sido poco fiable. Quiero decir, una vez más, con mi Sekonic, me las arreglé para hacerlo bien.
Para concluir una pequeña reflexión: pero ustedes los fotógrafos (o supuestamente tales….), ¿cómo hacen este trabajo con las cámaras réflex que cuestan tanto -o un poco más- un exposímetro?
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